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Milk composition and percent contribution to the daily dietary reference intakes of some nutrients in 0.5 l whole milk, and their main health effects |
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| Milk component |
Concentration in 1 l whole milka |
Percent contribution of 0.5 l whole milk to reference intakeb |
Health effects |
|
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| Fat |
33 g/l |
Energy rich |
|
| Saturated fatty acids |
19 g/l |
Increase HDL, small dense LDL, and total cholesterol. Inhibition of bacteria, virus |
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| Oleic acid |
8 g/l |
Prevent CHD, gives stable membranes |
|
| Lauric acid |
0,8 g/l |
Antiviral and antibacterial |
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| Myrisitc acid |
3,0 g/l |
Increase LDL and HDL |
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| Palmitic acid |
8 g/l |
Increase LDL and HDL |
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| Linoleic acid |
1,2 g/l |
Omega-6 fatty acid |
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| Alpha linolenic a |
0,75 g/l |
Omega-3 fatty acid |
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| Protein |
32 g/l |
30–40% |
Essential amino acids, bioactive proteins, peptides. Enhanced bioavailability |
| Lactose |
53 g/l |
Lactosylation products |
|
| Calcium |
1,1 g/l |
40–50% |
Bones, teeth, blood pressure, weight control |
| Magnesium |
100 mg/l |
12–16% |
For elderly, asthma treatment |
| Zinc |
4 mg/l |
18–25% |
Immune function. Gene expression |
| Selenium |
37 ug/l |
30% |
Cancer, allergy, CHD |
| Vitamin E |
0,6 mg/l |
2 % |
Antoixidant |
| Vitamin A |
280 ug/l |
15–20% |
Vision, cell differentiation |
| Folate |
50 ug/l |
6 % |
DNA synthesis, cell division, amino acid metabolism |
| Riboflavin |
1,83 mg/l |
60–80% |
Prevent ariboflavinosis |
| Vitamin B12 |
4,4 ug/l |
90% |
Key role in folate metabolism |
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a data from USDA Food Composition Data [9]. b Dietary reference intake (DRI) for men and women [4]. | |||
Haug et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2007 6:25 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-6-25 |
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